|
Family Sheet
HUSBAND
Name: 'ali Ibn Abu Talib Caliph In Iraq Note
Born: Abt 0600 at Mecca, Arabia
Married:
Died: Bet Jan 0660 and 1961 at Kufah, Iraq
Other Spouses: Bent Al-hanafiyya
Um-al-banin
Alhanafiyya
Father: 'abd Manaf Abu Talib Ibn Almuttalib
Mother: Unknown
WIFE
Name: Fatimah Note
Born: Abt 0605 at Mecca, Arabia
Died: Abt 0633 at Medina, Arabia
Other Spouses: Unknown
Father: The Prophet Muhammad
Mother: Khadija Bint Khuwaylid
CHILDREN
Name: Mohsin
Born:
Died:
Name: Al-husayn Ibn 'ali
Born: Bet Jan 0625 and 1926 at Medina, Arabia
Died: 10 Oct 0680 at Karbala , Iraq
Wife: Zh�dah K�nd�ria
Name: Umm Alkultum
Born:
Died:
Name: Raquia
Born:
Died:
Name: Zaynab (zainab) Kobra
Born:
Died:
Name: Khadija
Born:
Died:
Name: Hasan Ibn 'ali Imam Of The Shi'ites
Born: Abt 0624 at Arabia
Died: Bet Jan 0679 and 1980 at Medina, Arabia
Wife: Khawal Fazariya
NOTES
1). Ali in full ali Ibn Abu Talib b. c. 600,, Mecca d . J a n u ary 661, Kufah, Iraq son in law of Muhammad, th e prop h e t o f Islam, and fourth caliph successor to Muha mmad , re ig n in g from 656 to 661. The question of hisri ght t o th e cal iphat e resulted in the only major spl i t in Isl am i ntoSun nah an d Shi ah branches . He is reve red by th e Shi ah as t he onl y truesuc cessor to the Pro phet. Ali was the son of Abu Talib, chief of a local cla n . W h e n his fatherbecame impoverished, Al i was take n un de r t h e care of Muhammad, thenstill a businessman i n Mec ca , wh o h imself had bee n cared for by Ali sfathe r a s a ch ild . Whe n Muhammad felt God s call to become h is p rophet, Al i, tho ugh only 10 years old, became on e of th e firs t conve rts t o Islamand remained a lifelo n g devote d follo wer of M uhamma d. According to legend Al i risked h is lif e by sleepi ng in t he P rophet s bed t o impersonat e himth e night tha t Muhamma d fled in 622 fr om Mecca to M edina fr o m enemie s whowere pl otting to as sassinate him . In addit ion, Ali i s said to hav ecarrie d out M uhammad s reques t to restore a ll the propert ie s that hadbeen en trusted t o him as a merch ant t o thei r o wners in Mecca . Only thend id Ali himself l eave fo r Medina . There he m arried Muhamm a d s daughterFati mah , who bore hi m two son s, Hasan and H usayn.See Husa y n ibn Ali,al . Ali is said to have displayed rare courage in battle d u r i n g the militaryexpeditions Muhamma d conducted to co ns ol id at e Islam and always obtained alion s share of th e b oot y . Al i was als o one of Muhammad s scribes andwa s ch ose n t o lea d several important missions. When the h osti l ein habi tant s of Mecca finally accepted Islam with out b attle , it w as A liwho smashed the paga n idols i n the Ka bah holy sh rine . Muhammad died on June 8, 632. Some say he had unequivo c a l l y nominated Ali as his successor wh ile he was retu rn i n g fr om his farewellpilgrimage to Mecca. Others re je c t th is cl aim, mainta ining that Muhammaddied withou t na mi n g a succes sor. Ali, while attending the last ri tes o f t h e Prophet, w as confronted by the fact that Ab u Bakr , M uh ammad s closest friend and father of A isha h, on e of t h e Prophet s wives , had beenchosen caliph. Ali di d not s ub mit to Abu Bakr s authority for some ti me,bu t neithe r di d he actively ass ert his own rights, p ossibl y becau s e hed id not want to thr ow the Muslim com munit y into blo ody trib al strife. Heretire d into a qu i et lif e in whic h religiou s works became his ch iefoccupa tion. T he first c hronologica lly arran ged versio n of th e Qur a n isattribut ed to him, a nd his excellent know led ge of th e Qur an a n d Hadith the s ayings and deeds of M u hammad aided the c aliphs in variou s legalproblems. Following the murder of Uthman, the third caliph, A l i w a s invited bythe Muslims of Medina t o accept th e ca li phat e reluctant, he agreed onlyafter long hesita tion . Hi s bri e f reign was b eset by difficulties duemos tly t o th e corru p t state of affairs he inherited. Acute ly awa r e o f theneg le ct of the Qur an and the tradition s of Mu ha mmad that his pre decessors had allowed t o deve lop, h e bas ed his rule o n th e Islamicideals of social j ustic e and eq uality. His po li c y was a blow to theinter ests o f the Qur aysh aristocrac y o f Mecca who had grow n rich i n thewa k e of the Muslim co nque sts. In order t o embarras s Ali t hey demandedthat he b rin g the murdere r s of Uth man to tr ial, and when he rejec tedt heir requ est, a rebel lion again st him was instiga te d in wh ich t woprominent M eccans alon g with A ishah, Muham mad s wi d ow and the dau ghterof A b u Bakr, the first caliph , to o k a leading part . This reb ellion, knownas the Battl e o f th e Came l th e camel ridde n byA ishah , was quell e d. Aseco nd rebell ion was on th e point of being cr ushe d wh en its le ader,M u awiyah, a ki nsman of Uthman and t he gove rnor of Sy ria , averted def e atby proposing arbit ration. A li saw thr o ugh the strata gem but was forcedb y his army t o acce p t adju dication, wh ich greatly weake ned his positio n.So on, moreove r, he ha d to fight some o f t he very peopl e w ho had earlier force d him to accep t arbitration but no w d enounced it. Kno w n a s Khawarij Seceders , they were de f eated by Ali in t h e Battle of N ahrawan.Meanwhile, Mu awi y a h followed an a ggr essive po licy, and by the end of 66 0 A li had lost cont rol o f Egy pt and of t he Hejaz. Whil e pray ing in amosqu e at Kuf a h in Iraq, Ali was struck w ith a po isoned swor d b y a Khari jite, intent on avengin g the men sl ain at Nah rawan . Two day s later Ali died an d was b uried n ear Kufah. Ali s political discourses, sermons, letters, and say i n g s , collected byash Sharif ar Rai d . 1015 in a bo o k en ti tl ed Nahj al balaghah TheRoad of Eloquencew it h com men tar y by Ibn A bi al Hadid d. 1258 , arewel l kno wn i n Arab ic l iterature. Source www.eb.com
2). Fatima 606? 32? , daughter of Muhammad by his firs t w i f e , Khadija, andthe only child of Muha mmad to bea r off sp ri ng . She married the caliph Ali,Muhammad s cous in, an d f ro m Al i and Fatim a are supposedly descended t heFatim id s , a medie val caliphate of northern Africa. So urce F ati ma , Microso ft R Encarta R 98 Encyclopedia . c 199 3 19 97M icrosoft Co rporation . All rights reser ved. Fa timah b. c . 605, Mecca, Arabia no w in Saudi Ar abia d. 63 3, Medina a lso spelled FATIMA , also called AZ ZAHR A Arab ic Shinin g One daughte r of Muhammad th e f oun der of Is lam who i n later cent uries becamethe ob ject o f deep vener ation by ma ny Musli ms , especially th e Shi it es.Muhammad h ad other son s an d daughters, but th ey eithe r died youn g o rfailed to p r oduce a long line o f descenda nts. Fatimah , however, st ood a tthe head of a g eneal ogy t hat steadil y enlarged t hrough th e generations. To the Shi ites she is particularly important becau s e s h e w as married to Ali, whom the Shi it es consider e d t o b e th e legitimate heir of the authority of the Pr op he t Muha mma d and the firs t of their imams. The son s o f Fat imah an d A li, Hasan and Husayn, are thus viewe d b y the S hi i te s as t he rightful inheritors of the tr adit ion of M uhammad , a furt her ramification of Fatimah s si gnificanc e amon g Shi ite b elievers.Accordingly, m any Isl amic tradi tions g ive Fatimah s li fe a majesty a ndeve n a miraculou s qualit y that it di d not possess i n histor ical reality. Fatimah accompanied Muhammad when he emigrated from M e c c a t o Medina in622. Soon after her arr ival in Medin a s h e m arri ed Ali, the son of one ofthe Prophets uncl es . Th ei r firs t years wer e ones of material want. Ali wa s ofte n h arsh wi th her, and Fatimah brought her cas e bef ore M u hamm adhimsel f the Prophet took great satis factio n in b eing ab le to rec oncilehusband and wife . Wh en in 6 32 Muha mmad wa s facing hi s last illness,Fatima h was ther e to nur se him . In gener a l she was devoted t o herdomest ic dutie s and av oided invol vement in politic al affairs . Yet aft e rMuhammad s death sh e had a shar p clash wit h Abu Bakr, wh o had succ eededMuhamma d as lea der o f th e Islamic communi ty, and Fat imah supporte d A liin his re luctance to submi t to Abu Bakr s authorit y . She came in toconflict with th e caliph a sec ond tim e ove r property t hat she claim edMuh ammad had lef t her . Abu Bak r refuse d to sanction her clai m, and,accordi n g to most acco un ts , Fatimah refused to sp eak to him unt i l herdeath fro m il lness six months later . Source www. eb.c om
|
|
